Amala Dash (1877–1919) was one of the most prominent vocalists in Bengali music, especially renowned for her renditions of Rabindra Sangeet. Her voice, the unique charm of her singing, and her contributions to Indian music make her an unforgettable figure in the history of Bengali classical music. She not only recorded songs but also played a pivotal role in inspiring a new generation of talented artists in the music world.
Early Life and Birth
Amala Dash was born in 1877 in British India, in the city of Kolkata. She was the daughter of Bhubanmohan Dash and Nistarini Devi, both of whom were culturally inclined and influenced her early life. Amala belonged to an illustrious family that had strong connections to culture, music, and literature. Her elder brother, Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, was a well-known freedom fighter and leader in the Indian independence movement, and her aunt, Sahana Devi, was a noted music teacher.
Amala was known for her intellect and strong personality. Her family’s intellectual atmosphere contributed greatly to her artistic inclinations. Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, her brother, once remarked about her, “If Amala had become a barrister, I wonder if we would have been able to match her intellect.”
Relationship with Rabindranath Tagore
A key chapter in Amala Dash’s musical life was her association with Rabindranath Tagore. Due to the close relationship her family had with the Tagore family, Amala had frequent interactions with Rabindranath, who would teach her his new compositions directly as he composed them. Amala was one of the first to write down Tagore’s songs before Dinendranath Tagore took on that task. Furthermore, she sang duets with Rabindranath Tagore, showcasing her exceptional talent in Rabindra Sangeet.
Amala’s profound connection with Tagore and his music had a significant impact on her artistic development. She was not just a student of his music but also a close collaborator, which helped her become a major figure in the world of Rabindra Sangeet.
Recording and Pioneering Efforts
Amala Dash is credited with breaking barriers for women in the realm of music recording in India. In 1914, during the occasion of Durga Puja, she became one of the first women from a respected family to record songs for HMV (His Master’s Voice). She recorded two Rabindra Sangeet songs—“Hey Mor Debota, Bhoriya Ei Deho Pran” (Imon Kalyan) and “Protidin Ami Hey Jibonswami” (Sindhu Kafi). Initially recording under the name “Miss Dash,” she later began recording under her own name, shattering the societal stigma that respectable women of her background should not perform in public or record their voices.
Amala played a crucial role in normalizing the concept of women, particularly from noble families, recording songs. Her efforts helped pave the way for other talented women to enter the music industry without hesitation.
Some of Amala Dash’s Famous Songs
Amala Dash’s contributions to Bengali music are timeless. Some of her famous Rabindra Sangeet songs include:
- Hey Mor Debota, Bhoriya Ei Deho Pran (Imon Kalyan)
- Protidin Ami Hey Jibonswami (Sindhu Kafi)
- Chirosokha, Chhoro Na More Chhoro Na (Behag)
- Tumi Kemon Kore Gaan Koro Hey Guni (Khambaj)
- Dhay Jeno Mor Shokhol Bhalobasha (Mishra Jhijhit)
- Oi Re Tori Dil Khule (Bhairavi)
- Timir Duar Khol (Ramkeli)
Her renditions of these songs left a lasting impression on the listeners and remain cherished by music lovers even today. Each of these songs showcases the emotional depth and technical brilliance of Amala Dash’s singing style.
Amala Dash’s Contributions to Education
In addition to her musical contributions, Amala Dash played a significant role in the social and educational landscape of her time. With the support of her brother, Chittaranjan Das, she established and ran a girls’ school in Purulia, West Bengal, dedicated to educating young girls and promoting female empowerment. Her contributions in the field of education, especially in a time when opportunities for women were limited, are a testament to her progressive vision.
Her role as an educator helped inspire countless women to pursue their dreams, and her involvement in social causes made her a revered figure in Bengal.
Death and Legacy
Amala Dash passed away in 1919 at the young age of 42. Her untimely death was a great loss to the world of music and education. However, her contributions to Rabindra Sangeet and her efforts to empower women through education have left an indelible mark on Bengali culture.
Her niece, the renowned singer Sahana Devi, fondly remembered Amala in her memoir Smaran Gatha, where she wrote, “The beauty of her voice and the clarity of each note were extraordinary. It was as though every sound she made was distinct and clear. And what a voice she had! Her vocal range could reach the highest notes effortlessly.”
Amala Dash was not just a singer; she was a trailblazer in the world of music and women’s empowerment. Her voice, her contributions to Rabindra Sangeet, and her dedication to promoting education for girls have made her a legendary figure. Even though she passed away young, her legacy lives on through her music, her educational contributions, and her role in shaping the future of Indian music. She remains an inspiration to all, a symbol of talent, determination, and the power of breaking societal norms.
